The magnetic and other bead applications cited, below, are representative, recent applications only. To that extent, they are starting points for exploring the rapidly expanding use and popularity of magnetic and other specialty agarose beads. In general, any of the application areas cited can be addressed with BioScience Beads even if those are not the beads cited in the publication.

Search Technique: Using the field of proteomics as an example, an advanced Google search was done using the terms, 'proteomics and magnetic agarose beads' resulting in 1,400 citations. Using just 'proteomics and magnetic beads' yielded 1 510 citations. Using the terms 'proteomics and agarose beads' yielded 2330 citations. Care was taken to minimize duplication between categories. A similar approach was taken to each of the other fields (i.e molecular biology, cell biology etc.) to quickly generate thousands of citations which can then be screened for maximum relevance to any specific area(s) of interest. The number of Google citations for each of the disciplines below - when combined with each of following three terms, a) 'magnetic agarose beads', b) 'magnetic beads' or 'agarose beads' - is provided as an index of relative use to date. It should be remembered that newer, often better, bead types will typically have fewer citations than older types, which have had a longer time to generate publications.

Proteomics: (Google citations: a) 1,400, b) 1510, and c) 2330,respectively)

1) Sucholeiki, I.; Toledo-Sherman, L. et. al., "Novel Magnetic Supports for Small Molecule Affinity Capture of Proteins for use in Proteomics," Molecular Diversity (2004) Vol. 8, No.1, 9-19 (IIl).

2)Safarik, I. and Safarikova, M. "Biomagnetic Research and Technology: a new online journal" Biormagnetic Research and Technology (2003)1:1.

Molecular and Cell Biology : (Google citations: molecular biology : category a 7,100, b) 10,300, and C) 35,000; cell biology: category a) 5,950, b) 11,700, and c) 29,600

1) Chen-Cleland, T. ; Boffa L. ; et. aI. " Recovery of transcriptionally active chromatin restriction fragments by binding to organomecurial-agarose magnetic beads. A rapid and sensitive method for monitoring changes in higher order chromatin structure during gene activation and repression" , J. BioI. Chem. Vol 268 (31) 23409-23416, Nov. 1993.

2) Stefanovic, D, Slavica, S. et. aI.”tn Vitro Protein-DNA Interactions at the Human Laminin B2 Replication Origin” J. Bid. Chem Vol. 278 (44), 42737-42743, October 2003. 3)Grandi, P; Eltsov, M. ; et. al. DNA double-strand breaks induce formation of RP-A/Ku foci on in Vitro reconsituted Xenopus sperm nuclei”, J. Cell Science 114, 3345-3357 (2001).

4) Siegel, D; Chang, T. et. al. "Isolation of cell surface-specific human monoclonal antibodies using phage display and magnetically-activated cell sorting” J. Immunological Methods 206, 73-85, 1997.

5) Kemmer, W.; Moldenhauer, C.; et.aI. “Separation of tumor cells from a suspension of dissociated human colorectal carcinoma tissue by means of monoclonal antibody-coated magnetic beads” J. Immunological Methods 147 (2), 197-200, 1992.

6) Chang,P; Absood, A. et. al. “Magnetic bead isolation of neutrophil plasma membranes and quantification of membrane-associated guanidine nucleotide binding proteins”, Anal. Biochem 2004 Feb 15; 325(2) 175-84.

Immunology : (Google citations for” Immunology”: + a terms) 2,090, + b terms) 6,240 and + C terms) 5,910)

1) Satoshi, T. and Wedegaertner, P. “Heterotrimer Formation, Together with Isoprenylation, Is Required for Plasma Membrane Targeting of Beta and Gamma G Proteins", J. BioI.Chem Vol 278, iss. 19, 17284-1 7290, February 2003.

2) Mingyue, H. and Taussig, M, “Single step generation of protein arrays from DNA by cell-free expression and In Situ immobilisation (PISA method).

Microbiology: (Google: “Microbiology “+ a terms)1 ,970, + b terms) 4,740, + c terms) 10,200)

1) Olsvik, 0.; Popovic, T.; et. at. “Magnetic separation techniques in diagnostic microbiology”, Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1994 January 7(1) 43-54.

2) Wernerus, H.; Lehtio, J; et. at.” Generation of Metal-Binding Staphylococci through Surface Display of Combinatorially Engineered Cellulose-Binding Domains” Applied and Environmental Microbiology, October 2001, p. 4678-4684, vol 67, No. 10.

Immobilized Enzymes: (google : “Immobilized Enzymes” + a terms) 600, + b terms) 910, + c terms) 4,050)

1) HaIling, P.and Dunnill, P. “Review: Magnetic Supports for Immobilized Enzymes and Bioaffinity Adsorbents Enzyme Microb. Technol. 1980, Vol 2, January.

Drug Research: (Google citations for “drug research” + a terms) 3,120, + b terms) 8620, + c terms) 5,860

1) Salyed, Z.; Telang, S. et. al. “Application of magnetic techniques in the field of drug discovery and biomedicine”, Biomagnetic Research and Technology 2003,1:2.

IEF and Electrophoresis (EP): (Google, using “IEF and beads” : 827; using the terms IEF and
Ultrodex (i.e.dextran) beads:12; using the terms “IEF and agarose”: 3,240) citations.)

1) Kiger, L. and Marden, M., “Electron transfer kinetics between hemoglobin subunits”, J.BioI. Chem.(2001) Vol 276, issue 51, 47937-47943.

2) Boot, R.; Blommaart, E.; et.al. “Identification of a novel acidic mammalian chitinase distinct from chitotriosidase”, J. Bid. Chem (2001) Vol 276, issue 9, 6770-6778.